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HOT ISSUES

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  • (7/23) What International Students Should Know about SAT and ACT
    AUDIO         What International Students Should Know about SAT and ACT             Several top U.S. universities say they will require standardized tests such as the SAT and ACT from applicants again. Some of them went “test-optional” during the pandemic.   The schools include Dartmouth College, Georgetown University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.   Dartmouth College, in New Hampshire, said students from other countries will need to submit results from those tests or “an equivalent standardized national exam.”   Allen Koh is the founder of Cardinal Education, a company that helps students with college preparation, including applications. He said Dartmouth’s announcement “only made official what had been ‘de facto’ true.”   He noted that between 80 and 90 percent of students admitted to top universities sent test scores, even when they were not required.   Koh said students who attend international schools that use the “A-level” tests from Great Britain may not need to take the SAT or ACT since those tests are so well known. The tests from India may be useful, too. However, students coming from other countries should take the ACT or SAT.   Andrew Taylor is a vice president at the nonprofit organization that runs the ACT. He said the tests are important for international students because they permit American schools to compare students, even if they come from different educational systems.         In an email message to VOA, a representative from the College Board, which runs the SAT, said the test “plays an important role in helping international students be seen by colleges and universities. Test scores can confirm a student’s grades or even demonstrate their strengths beyond what their high school grades may show.”   So if you are an international student planning to apply to college in the U.S., what should you know about the tests?   SAT or ACT?   The SAT has two parts – reading and math. Students can earn a top score of 800 for each part, making 1600 a perfect score.   The SAT is an “adaptive” test, which means the questions will change based on a student’s answer to the previous question. As a result, the SAT takes less time for most students than the ACT.   The ACT is the same for every student who takes the test on the same day. The ACT has four parts – math, science, English and reading. The top ACT score is 36.   Both tests are now available to be taken with a computer at international testing centers.   For the most part, Koh advises international students to take the ACT “because it is much easier to get a perfect ACT score than a perfect SAT score.” Based on how the final ACT score is calculated, Koh said, there are more ways to get to the perfect score of 36.   For English learners, Koh has this advice:   “So I'd say if your English is really strong, all around, ACT could be great for foreigners, but I think for the average foreigner where English might be a little bit of a liability and math might be a little bit stronger, then the SAT may be a better test.”   Taylor of the ACT added that the ACT has a science section, so for students who may not be strong in science, the SAT could be a better choice.   Both Koh and Taylor say students should take practice tests from both the ACT and SAT to decide which may be better for them.   You can find more information online, such as testing dates and locations of test centers at the SAT and ACT websites.         When to take the test?   Koh and Taylor suggest that international students take the tests at least one year before finishing high school. If there is room for improvement, Koh said, students can practice and take it again six months later.   Taylor reminded students that most schools will consider a “super score” which is the best score from each test category.   “So there is no doubt that students do better if they take more than one test. So if they're in a position to be able to take more than one test, we would always recommend that and give yourself the time to do some additional learning between tests so you know, think about where you struggle, think about where you can be ready, and go from there.”   Arkar Chen of Myanmar took the SAT in 2016, one year after he finished high school. He studied for the test but was still surprised at how difficult the reading part was.   “I'll say that 80 percent of the time, I have no idea what it's asking, but the thing with SAT is that when you practice enough, you kind of see a pattern and you kind of know what answer the test maker are looking for.”   In addition, Chen said students need to solve math problems quickly because each question has a limited time. “There’s no way you could do well without a lot of practice,” he said.   Chen said the concept of “critical thinking” was the biggest difference between American tests such as the SAT and the tests he saw growing up in Myanmar. “The SAT,” he said, “tests a lot on your critical thinking skills, so I think that’s why it can feel hard.”   Test is part of the “toolbox”   Taylor of ACT says the test is part of the “toolbox” for colleges to decide about a student’s ability to do well in school.   “More and more,” Taylor said, “higher ed is worried about graduation, not just about admission. … So we need to give not only the higher education institution as much data as we can about the student. We also need to give the student as much data as we can about themselves.”   Koh observes that standardized tests favor a well-rounded student. So students who spend a lot of time studying math and engineering would be smart to spend time on reading and discussing books in English before taking the test.   The parents of many international students are surprised to learn, as Koh said, “Asian STEM-focused students are penalized the heaviest by American admissions officers, for being very strong in math but weak on reading.”                                     _____________________________________________   Words in This Story standardized test –n. tests taken by large numbers of students that are meant to measure their general knowledge and compare it to other students applicant –n. a person who is submitting applications for entry into a school or college equivalent –adj. something that is different in small details but is more or less equal to something else de facto –adj. something that is understood to be true but not written grade –n. the score or letter given to show a student’s ability in a subject or study area demonstrate –v. to show score –n. a number or result of a game or test liability –n. something that is lower quality or not as good as something else recommend –v. to tell someone about something or give advice pattern –n. the regular and repeated way in which something happens or is done graduation –n. the event that ends someone’s time in a university study program institution –n. an organization such as a school, university or health center that has been in place for a long time stem-focused –adj. students who center their education on science, technology, engineering and math penalize –v. to be punished in some way or disadvantaged                                               https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/what-international-students-should-know-about-sat-and-act/7489976.html

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  • (7/22) Young People’s English Language Skills Decreasing
    AUDIO       Young People’s English Language Skills Decreasing             A recent index that measures English language ability around the world finds that young people’s English language proficiency is decreasing.   The 2023 EF English Proficiency Index (EPI) ranks countries and areas by English proficiency. The index is based on test results from 2.2 million people in 113 countries. The test is published by EF Education First, a private company based in Switzerland. VOA Learning English has a partnership with EF Education First to provide the online test to English learners.   The EPI found that while young people's English skills are decreasing, working adults continue to increase their proficiency in English. There are different opinions about why the difference exists. Some people blame the COVID-19 pandemic, but others say artificial intelligence (or AI) tools could also be a reason.   EF Education First released the 2023 index last November. EF EPI author Kate Bell warned that the 2023 index gives a false sense of global stability, meaning English speakers’ proficiency stays about the same. But the truth is that gains in some countries are being offset by losses in others, Bell said in an EF Education First press release.   Results by age group   Results were reported by age group for the first time in 2015. Since that time, the English proficiency of young people has decreased by 89 points. The EPI defines young people as being 18 to 20 years of age.         However, the EPI notes that the 18 to 20 group was mostly stable with big decreases in a few large countries. India, Indonesia, Mexico, and Japan showed the largest proficiency decreases among youth.   Kansuke Ikebe is a 21-year-old student from Shiga, Japan. He told VOA Learning English that the results are “really surprising. In my opinion, I’ve never felt it is decreasing. It is maybe because there are many youth who can speak English in my university.”   The EPI report noted that the decrease appears to have taken place when the COVID-19 pandemic interfered with normal education. The report said, “It is not yet clear if learning loss due to Covid will self-correct over time,” but increased scores are expected in the future.   The EPI said the problem is more difficult in countries where proficiency has been decreasing over time and “where education systems are teaching English less well than before.”   English proficiency in Japan has been continually decreasing.   There has been a decrease in proficiency in Japan for nearly 10 years. Ikebe said he could believe the EPI results because of the way English is taught in Japan. “It makes nobody want to learn English more. It is not practical at all and really boring.”   However, working adults, people 26 years old and older, have been improving their English since 2015. The EPI said this might be because the value of a shared language is most recognized in the workplace. English creates possibilities for individuals and productivity for organizations.   Results by gender   Results from the index also show a difference between men and women, what it calls a gender gap. The gender gap among those aged 18 to 25 is three times bigger than it is among working adults. Men’s proficiency has improved by 14 points since 2015, while women’s has decreased by 19 points.   The lack of women in international jobs could be one reason for the gender gap the EPI said. But the gender gap among those aged 18 to 25 might demonstrate “a problem engendered by educational systems themselves or a societal problem schools are failing to address,” the report said.   An exception was the Middle East. The average score for women in that area has increased by 44 points, placing them ahead of men there.   Lower average scores   One notable trend in the 2023 EF EPI is that all the very high proficiency countries and many of the high proficiency countries had lower average scores than in 2022. This could be a possible effect of the pandemic on learning, travel and in-person communication.   The Czech Republic is one country whose score ｄropped in 2023.   Sabina Wyrob is with the Czech office of EF Education First. She told the Czech News Agency online teaching during the pandemic affected children’s English skills. Schools and students are trying to catch up on what was missed, she told the news organization, but they are still not moving forward.   The reach of AI   The EPI report says that learning a language provides understanding of new ideas as well as better understanding of people. These skills, the report said, remain beyond the reach of AI, or artificial intelligence.   But Ikebe said in Japan: “now AI and translation are being developed well. So, they don’t need to learn English if they just do their homework. I think they don’t use it as a tool to communicate, just a subject to pass the entrance exam.”   Jeannie Tse is a country manager at EF Hong Kong and Macau. She spoke to The Standard newspaper in Hong Kong.   Tse said that while AI has changed the way young people work and learn, the importance of schools, teachers, and face-to-face instruction remains. "I do not believe that AI can completely replace language learning,” Tse said, “but educators can harness AI to enhance language learning methods.”                                     ________________________________________________   Words in This Story proficiency–n. ability to use or knowledge of a language stable—adj. remain the same practical –adj. related to what is real rather than what is imagined or is a possibility boring –adj. not interesting gender—n. the sex of a person; male or female gap—n. a space between two things engender—v. to cause translation –n. changing writing from one language to another harness—v. to control and make use of enhance –v. to improve or add to something                                               https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/young-people-s-english-language-skills-decreasing/7427897.html

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  • (7/21) Poisonous Plants Look Like Safe Ones
    AUDIO       Poisonous Plants Look Like Safe Ones           Actor Alicia Silverstone worried fans on social media recently. While on a trip to England, she posted a TikTok video of herself tasting a poisonous berry she found along a sidewalk.   Silverstone, who appeared in the 1995 movie Clueless, said she thought the fruit was a tomato. But when she bit into it and found that it had an unusual taste, she realized that it was not the common food.   Plant expert, Jessica Damiano, recently wrote about poisonous plants that look like common foods for the Associated Press.   She said the fruit that looked like a tomato appears to have been a Jerusalem cherry.         Often sold as a houseplant, all parts of the Jerusalem cherry are poisonous. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals says the plant is not only harmful to humans but also to dogs, cats and horses. Eating large amounts can be deadly. Silverstone was lucky because she did not swallow the berries.   She is also lucky because the berries were reddish orange. This means they were ripe. While all parts of the Jerusalem cherry are poisonous, the plant’s unripe berries can be especially dangerous. They can cause problems with the central nervous and gastrointestinal systems. Symptoms from eating the fruit include mental confusion, stomach pain, high body temperature, vomiting, paralysis and more.   The Jerusalem cherry is a member of the nightshade family. It is in the same family of plants that includes tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, potatoes and tomatillos. Although the fruits of those crops are safe to eat, their leaves are toxic.   Other toxic lookalikes   The Jerusalem cherry is not the only toxic plant that looks like a safe one. The poisonous Carolina horsenettle fruit also looks like a tomato. However, its common name is a dead giveaway that it is dangerous. It is called devil’s tomato. It is also known as devil’s potato to add to the confusion.   Other members of the nightshade family are poisonous in different ways. For example, a plant named deadly nightshade, or belladonna, is so toxic that it was used as a murder weapon in Europe during the Middle Ages, a time more than 500 years ago. Its berries, however, could be mistaken for blueberries.   Pokeweed and Virginia creeper fruits also look like blueberries, and both can be deadly if eaten.   Lilies are toxic, but they look like edible wild onion or garlic grasses, especially when they first come out of the ground.   Edible wild onion and garlic grasses have other toxic lookalikes, too including a plant sometimes called death camas. These plants grow in lawns and wild areas in the spring, and they are a common cause of livestock poisoning. They are dangerous for humans, too.   Toxic carrot and parsley lookalikes can also make you sick. Wild parsnip has flowers like a carrot and leaves like parsley. Simply touching it can cause a skin problem called photodermatitis. It causes sun sensitivity that can last for a year. Poison hemlock looks similar but is much larger. Eating that plant can lead to breathing problems.   Creeping buttercup looks like flat-leaf parsley. It is an invasive plant that can cause severe stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and heart problems.         And the deadly Canadian moonseed can be confused with wild grape. However, its taste is so bitter that you would likely spit it out before swallowing it. This is a good thing because eating it can lead to death.   If you think you have swallowed a toxic plant by mistake, contact a poison control center in your area or your doctor. There is additional information on the website poison.org.   Damiano advises to use common sense with plants you find in the wild. If you are not completely sure that something is food, do not eat it.                                     ___________________________________________ Words in This Story ripe –adj. fully developed; ready for harvest symptom –n. the sign that disease is present or that something is wrong with a person’s health confusion –n. being unable to think clearly : confuse -v. vomiting –n. the condition of expelling what is in your stomach through your mouth : vomit -v. paralysis –n. the loss of the ability to move one’s muscles toxic –adj. poisonous dead giveaway –idiom a fact or detail that makes the true nature of something impossible to ignore edible –adj. fit and safe to be eaten invasive –adj. tending to spread especially in a quick or aggressive manner: such as bitter –adj. one of the major tastes that people have which is very unpleasant to most people                                                 https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/poisonous-plants-look-like-safe-ones/7783729.html

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  • [7/25] 10年难遇？今年“三伏天”有啥讲究
                    中新网北京7月11日电(记者 上官云)盛夏时节，湿热难耐。想一想酷热的“三伏天”，你是否已经准备好了防暑的小妙招？   　　细心的人可能早就发现，和前些年比起来，今年的三伏天在天数上有些不一样，网上也流传着一种说法，认为“今年三伏天10年难遇，只有30天”。   　　不过，中国农业博物馆二级研究馆员唐志强认为，这种说法略显夸张，表述不太准确。从2015年到2024年，连续10年三伏天都是40天，之后2025年的三伏天变为30天，这是特例。从更宽广的时间范畴来看，“30天的三伏天”没有这么稀缺。     资料图：时值三伏天，福州持续高温炎热，清凉的冰上运动受到许多家长和小朋友的欢迎。中新社记者 张斌 摄   　　三伏天怎么计算？   　　“伏天”的说法由来已久。“伏”有“伏藏”的意思，寓意阴气受阳气所迫藏伏地下。   　　唐志强介绍，传统的阴阳五行理论认为，秋季属金，夏季属火，火克金，因而在炎热的夏季就会“伏藏”一段时间，这也就是平时所说的“三伏天”。   　　那么，三伏天是怎么计算的？唐志强介绍，“入伏”时间一般根据节气和干支纪日日期相配合来推算，正所谓“夏至三庚入伏天”，入伏的日期要从"庚日"算起。   　　“十天干”是甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛壬癸，天干地支两两相配，共计60天一循环。“庚”在天干中排第七，五行中属金，古人便以庚日来计“伏”。   　　所以，唐志强说，从夏至开始，依照干支纪日的排列，第三个庚日为初伏，第四个庚日是中伏，立秋后第一个庚日为末伏。   　　以此类推，如果立秋日及其后两天出现庚日，那么中伏就是10天，否则中伏就是20天。因此，有些年份伏天是30天，有些年份伏天就是40天。   　　30天的“三伏天”，罕见吗？   　　如果说三伏天日期有一套固定的计算方法，那为什么会出现连续好几年三伏天都是40天的情况呢？     资料图：书法家为品尝过烙饼摊鸡蛋的居民撰写“过三伏”的福字。中新社记者 崔楠 摄   　　唐志强介绍，夏至到立秋之间的这段时间大概是47天左右，因此夏至日的天干为辛、壬、癸时，立秋的天干是戊、己、庚，这些年份的三伏天是30天。   　　“比如夏至日前一天为庚日，然后到立秋日开始数末伏，那么就要在47天的时间里减掉三个庚日占据的天数，综合计算，这一年的三伏天就是30天。”他说，对照计算，当夏至日的天干为“甲”日至“庚”日时，三伏天是40天。   　　唐志强表示，再加上“早夏至”和“早立秋”等一系列因素的影响，这种时间上的错位一点点叠加起来，就可能会出现连续多年三伏天都是40天的情况。   　　他翻阅资料后发现，从2015年起连续10年三伏天都是40天，2025年的三伏天是30天，这种情况确实比较特殊，在最近两百年的时间内也只有这一次。   　　但就实际情况而言，30天的“三伏天”并不是很稀缺，更不至于总是“10年难遇”。唐志强大概计算了一下，在某个时间段内，“三伏天”是40天的概率是大概是76%左右。     资料图：市民接受传统“三伏灸”治疗。　王东明 摄   　　“最近两百年内，连续多年三伏天都是40天的情况也不多见，早前还有一次是连续8年三伏天都是40天，其他年份，两种天数的三伏天基本都是穿插出现的。”他说。   　　总之，古人对“伏日”的设定很科学。唐志强认为，过去，人们试图寻找炎热天气出现的一些规律，发现小暑大暑这段时间最是闷热潮湿，便设计出了一套计算方法，将其标定。   　　“高温、高湿、高热”，这是三伏天的气候特点。它的到来，也提醒人们要注意防汛，同时注重防暑降温，适当吃一些发汗利水的食物，促进体内代谢有效运转。   　　“直到今天，三伏天的设定对生产生活依然有很大的指导意义。”他说。(完)         https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cul/2025/07-11/10446452.shtml            

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  • [7/24] 天舟九号货运飞船发射任务取得圆满成功 火箭飞船如何做到“一约既定，星河无阻”？
              ※ mp3 파일 참고 :   "LINK"  링크 클릭해주시면  mp3 포함되어 있습니다 :)         央广网北京7月15日消息 据中央广播电视总台中国之声《新闻纵横》报道，7月15日5时34分，天舟九号货运飞船在长征七号遥十运载火箭的托举下，于中国文昌航天发射场发射升空，约10分钟后，顺利进入预定轨道，发射任务取得圆满成功。此次任务中，天舟九号货运飞船装载航天员在轨驻留消耗品、推进剂、应用实（试）验装置等物资。天舟九号任务中，火箭飞船如何做到“一约既定，星河无阻”？   长征七号遥十运载火箭点火起飞（王小月 摄）   天宫迎来最强货运飞船   伴随着巨大的轰鸣声，搭载天舟九号货运飞船的长征七号遥十运载火箭，在中国文昌航天发射场拔地而起，长长的尾焰瞬间划破长空。很快，天舟九号货运飞船与火箭成功分离并进入预定轨道，随后飞船太阳能帆板顺利展开。西昌卫星发射中心郭忠来宣布：本次任务圆满成功！   本次发射各系统配合默契，火箭飞船表现出色。中国航天科技集团邵业涛评价：“本次发射我们准时点火，飞行过程中，发动机点火、关机，各项分离，整个飞行过程圆满，入轨精度高，达到十环的精度。”   转运时的长征七号、天舟九号船箭组合体（王小月 摄）   长征七号运载火箭总长53.1米，整流罩直径4.2米，起飞重量约597吨，起飞推力727吨，本次任务中，近地轨道运载能力达到14吨。本次发射是长七火箭的第10次发射，是长七系列火箭的第20次发射。长七火箭采用新三垂的测发模式，具备零窗口发射能力，采用起飞时间修正加迭代制导技术，最大可推迟120秒点火，保证火箭入轨精度。“具备低温推进剂不卸除推迟24小时的发射能力，火箭可在中雨条件发射。经多发验证，其对海南高温高湿高盐雾的环境具有较好的适应性。”邵业涛介绍。   空间站应用与发展阶段，载人航天飞船和载人火箭是打一备一，现在货运飞船也是如此。按照载人航天工程可靠运行的要求，长七火箭已准备一发备用箭，在天津总装厂房停放，随时待命，保证空间站任务正常运行，充分体现了载人航天的高可靠性和高安全性。   “具备故障情况下三个月之内再次组织一发任务发射的能力。在我们发射遥十火箭时，遥十一火箭已经在天津总装厂房准备就绪，可以根据需要，运到海南进行测试，三个月内保证再次发射，满足空间站运行的要求。空间站的能源、燃料等，有三个月的储备。”邵业涛说。   由中国航天科技集团五院抓总研制的天舟货运飞船，肩负着为空间站运送货物和补给推进剂，保障空间站在轨稳定运行的既定使命。其中，天舟九号为神舟二十号和神舟二十一号乘组上行的航天员生活物资、锻炼装置和医监用品等，将全面保障航天员在轨生活；上行的航天员出舱保障物资、平台工具和维修备件等，将确保航天员出舱活动顺利开展；生命医学、材料学等设备设施和实验样品，将支撑在轨科学实验持续推进。   中国航天科技集团李智勇告诉记者，本次发射再创了空间站应用与发展阶段，货运飞船上行物资装载量的新高，约6.5吨，比以往多百余公斤。其中包括航天员系统乘员物资，空间站平台物资以及空间应用系统、医学实验领域、航天科技试验领域实验样品和设施设备。同时，中国航天科技集团持续优化流程，提高物资运输的应急保障能力，首次具备了三个月应急发射的能力，并且本次仍然使用了三小时快速交会对接方案，使三小时快速交会对接模式实现常态化。   此外，天舟九号上还搭载了两项试验载荷。   李智勇介绍：“一个是光学频率梳太空高精度测距技术验证载荷，一个是新型绿色离子液体空间推进技术实验载荷。我们将持续开展新型的空间技术在轨试验，提高任务的综合效益，为新技术的推广应用和空间技术发展作出重要支撑。”   天舟九号的货包中，包括航天员衣食住行和日常工作所用的材料工具等。在食品方面，本次任务中，中国航天员科研训练中心进一步丰富了航天食品的种类，使航天食品在轨的总数从170余种增加到190余种。飞行食谱周期由7天延长到10天，提升了食品的口感，进一步满足了航天员在轨饮食需求的多样性和灵活性，让航天员在空间站能一解“乡愁”、感受“舌尖上的中国”。   据了解，目前我国在轨力量锻炼主要由抗阻力锻炼装置和拉力器组成，对抗重力肌群起到了很好的防护锻炼效果。在空间站应用与发展阶段，针对长期驻留对肌肉萎缩防护水平和效能的需求，采用系统综合防护的理念进行整体防护，随天舟九号上行了专门针对核心肌群的锻炼装置。   中国航天员科研训练中心许志介绍，核心肌群是人体的动力链中心，是上下肢衔接的纽带和运动发力的起点，是人体运动的“动力源”，它的稳定强健影响着身体运动的整体性和能力的表达效率。在太空中，核心肌群对维持工作及运动能力，着陆返回后恢复等有重要作用。核心肌肉锻炼装置可开展恒定阻力的核心肌肉与上肢锻炼，能够有效预防椎旁肌等深层肌群萎缩，提高返回后对重力环境的再适应能力。核心肌肉锻炼装置与之前的抗阻力锻炼装置在轨组合使用，可以实现对航天员全身各主要肌群更精准的防护，锻炼更加灵活便捷，进一步提高了航天员肌肉萎缩防护的全面性、有效性及智能化水平。   许志表示：“随着空间站任务的逐渐深入，后续我们将面临长期飞行。长期在轨飞行会对航天员的身体产生一定影响，比如肌肉萎缩、心血管功能下降等。为此，我们已经在空间站配置了太空跑台、太空自行车、微重力抗阻锻炼等装备，通过这些失重防护锻炼手段，对抗在轨飞行产生的影响。在此基础上，面向后续长期飞行，我们研制了核心肌肉锻炼装置。”   从具体的科学实验来说，本次任务包括空间生命科学与生物技术、空间材料科学、微重力流体物理与燃烧科学等领域的科学实验共23项，研究研制单位包括10个研究所和11所大学。其中3项生命科学实验项目需在文昌航天发射场开展样品制备和临射安装，包含骨骼肌前体细胞、肝细胞、脑类器官芯片等实验样品。   “天上一天，地下一年”，听起来是神话，但在太空中，很多问题会被放大，人身体上的问题也是如此。这次要开展的相关生命科学实验对维护航天员长期在轨健康和在地面进行相关应用都有很大的帮助。   中国科学院空间应用系统宫永生说：“通过以上三个项目，分别主要研究空间微重力环境对人脑内器官结构功能的影响及机制、骨骼肌前体细胞迁移行为、核酸脂质纳米药物在细胞内转运规律和机制，进一步深化人类对生物体生理病理的认知，为人类健康保障提供基础支持。”   在微重力流体物理与燃烧科学领域，重点围绕多相流与相变传热及应用研究、软物质与复杂流体研究、流体动力学及其应用研究等方面，开展相关科学实验，揭示重力作用机制，发展相关理论和模型，为推动空间流体管理、特殊功能软物质等相关技术的创新发展提供支持。   宫永生说：“我们利用梦天舱燃烧科学实验柜，重点围绕近可燃极限和基础燃烧等方面，开展微重力近极限火焰模拟强湍流火焰分区行为研究等科学实验，为发展燃烧基础理论和深入理解动力系统及相关领域燃烧的重要机理提供支持。” 此次任务是我国载人航天工程进入空间站应用与发展阶段后的第4次货运补给任务，是工程立项实施以来的第36次发射任务。   3小时万里穿针！天舟九号货运飞船任务“最优解”   天舟九号货运飞船入轨后顺利完成状态设置，于北京时间7月15日8时52分，成功对接于空间站天和核心舱后向端口。天舟九号货运飞船如何与空间站实现“太空穿针”级的精准对接？此次交会对接任务，还有哪些特点和难点？   从400米到19米，从发射入轨到最终对接机构锁紧，天舟九号货运飞船入轨约3小时之后，于7月15日8时52分成功对接于空间站天和核心舱后向端口。   飞船进入太空后如何与空间站见面，怎样实现“太空穿针”级的精准对接？   中国航天科技集团王伟臣告诉记者：“本次交会对接任务，由航天五院抓总研制的交会对接系统，全程自主控制完成，采用3小时全自主快速交会对接模式。货运飞船通过预设的关键位置停泊点，精准规划对接路径，实现从入轨到锁紧的全程智能化操作，同时依托相控中继终端，实施构建天地通信链路，确保指令毫秒级传输，最终实现与空间站核心舱的‘太空穿针’级的精准对接。”   空间站开始建设以来，使用过2小时、3小时和6.5小时快速交会对接方案。此次天舟九号货运飞船保持3小时快速交会对接的模式，有哪些重要意义？王伟臣表示，3小时快速交会对接模式，相较传统的6.5小时方案，提速50%以上，兼顾任务的时效性与系统的容错性，降低了对测控精度的要求，对飞控实施过程各环节的不确定性适应性更强，成为当前技术条件下的最优方案。   王伟臣说：“3小时方案是经过比较后最终选择的方案。6.5小时方案和2.5小时方案都非常快，但是我们选择了折中的方案。我们对于推进剂的消耗、整个飞控的实施以及各大系统的要求进行了综合权衡，3小时方案的效率、可靠性、安全性都是最优的。”   王伟臣表示，3小时的快速交会对接模式，处于国际领先的地位。“我国36次交会对接100%成功率，快速对接技术国际领先，彰显航天五院履行‘航天强国使命’的核心能力。天舟九号交会对接任务圆满完成，接续着我国空间站建设与运营的新篇章，也标志着我国在空间交会对接领域已经形成一整套自主可控、程序可靠的技术体系。”   本次天舟九号货运飞船和空间站交会对接，都有哪些难点，如何解决？王伟臣透露，第一个难点是，此次任务是首次在新轨道高度实施交会对接，动力学环境变化容易引发控制偏差。   王伟臣告诉记者，从表现看，此次交会对接任务，轨道对接高度比此前高几公里，但是影响是多方面的，比如对于飞控实施、测控的安排，以及交会对接的精度都有影响。针对这个难点，他们进行了3000余次的全工况仿真，优化自适应轨道算法，确保全相位精准适应。   此外，此次任务是在特定太阳高度角进行的一次交会对接，特定太阳高度角会导致强光干扰，威胁光学敏感器测量的稳定性。   王伟臣说：“我们采用了‘多源融合导航技术’，结合惯性与视觉数据，实时校准轨迹。”   中国航天科技集团冯永表示，通过软件的优化以及交会对接策略的优化，后续天舟货运飞船的发射窗口将进一步开放。“交会对接窗口的约束主要来自能源约束和光线入射角约束。我们通过软件的优化，以及交会对接策略的优化，进一步放开了光线入射角以及能源的约束，使得发射窗口的约束更小、选择更便捷。”   据了解，交会对接完成后，天舟九号货运飞船按计划开展货物转运等相关工作。           https://china.cnr.cn/gdgg/20250715/t20250715_527264161.shtml          

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  • [7/23] “窝囊旅游”出圈 Z世代爱上“又怂又爽”新玩法
              　中新网湖州7月12日电(胡丰盛)减速版蹦极台上，绳索缓缓下滑，不再是自由落体式的惊叫现场；爬山自动扶梯上，游客谈笑风生，20分钟轻松登顶；水深不足1米的漂流区里，年轻人“躺平”在水面，随波逐流……眼下，中国年轻人的社交平台上，一场以“窝囊”为名的旅游潮流正悄然兴起。   　　这个曾经的贬义词，如今成了年轻人追捧的旅游新标签。   　　在浙江省安吉县山川乡某景区，减速版蹦极项目前排队的人群成了2025年暑期一道独特风景。与传统蹦极的惊险刺激不同，这里的体验者被绳索缓缓放下，如同羽毛飘落。“好窝囊但好喜欢！”现场，一位刚体验完的“00后”上海女生徐飞飞笑着告诉同伴，“视频加速一下就能发朋友圈了。”   　　变化带来了实实在在的客流。减速版蹦极推出后，当地游客数量翻了五六倍，节假日期间日均体验人数超过200人次。在安吉县的漂流区，“窝囊漂流”更是颠覆传统——平均水深0.5米至0.8米，游客无需划桨搏击激流，只需穿上特制救生衣，就能“窝在山水里，神游天地间”。   2025年7月，浙江安吉，年轻人身着救生衣，浮在水面上，体验“窝囊漂流”。安吉县委宣传部供图   　　而在安吉周边的杭州天屿山、台州神仙居等地，“无痛爬山”自动扶梯让登山变得前所未有的轻松。每人10分钟登顶的体验，吸引了不少年轻人购买。   　　“窝囊旅游”的爆发绝非偶然。中国某旅游平台调研显示，62%的年轻人将“能出片”列为体验选择的首要标准，远超“刺激程度”的占比。在短视频时代，“半吊子勇敢”成了可炫耀的社交资本。   　　“放松精神躺在水上，头上绿树成荫，下面溪水冰冰凉凉，有种放空一切的感觉。”一位刚体验完“窝囊漂流”的“90后”杭州女孩谢莹展示了自己的照片。她的照片里，绿荫底下，自己如一片落叶漂在平静水面，显得异常悠闲。   　　“窝囊旅游三件套”——“窝囊蹦极”“窝囊爬山”“窝囊漂流”的迅速走红，精准击中了当代年轻人“又菜又爱玩”的心态。“以往印象中，游客漂流都是坐在橡皮艇上，水流很急，追求刺激。”安吉经营“窝囊”漂流项目的负责人张帆说，“窝囊旅游”的走红，实质上是恰好满足了年轻人对“悦己”“放松”“反差”的消费需求，“我们发现游客要的是‘被自然怀抱’的温柔体验。”   　　张帆透露，在周末高峰期，“窝囊漂流”项目日均客流量可达六七千人。   　　中国旅游研究院科研管理部主任战冬梅认为，“窝囊项目”作为适应市场的新尝试，体现了景区对游客细微需求的敏锐捕捉与满足，迎合了游客个性化诉求，也吸引了大量人气。不过她认为，当前旅游市场普遍存在产品同质化问题，也亟须通过差异化策略来突破，特别是针对不同年龄层、不同地域及兴趣偏好的游客群体进行细分，定制特色线路。(完)         https://www.chinanews.com.cn/sh/2025/07-12/10446780.shtml            

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  • 「7/25」“男女のカロリー消費差” マウスの実験で解明 東京科学大など
    女性は男性よりも糖尿病や肥満になりにくいことが知られていますが、東京科学大学などのグループは特定のたんぱく質にメス特有の働きがあり、カロリーの消費がオスよりも多いことをマウスの実験で解明したと発表しました。 ヒトでは女性のほうが男性よりも糖尿病や肥満になりにくいことが知られていて、体内でエネルギーを消費する「褐色脂肪」の働きの違いが理由の一つと考えられています。   東京科学大学 分子内分泌代謝学分野の山田哲也教授らのグループは、褐色脂肪の中でエネルギーの代謝に関わるたんぱく質「PGCー1α」に注目し、このたんぱく質を作れないようにしたオスとメスのマウスを比較しました。 その結果、メスでのみエネルギーを作り出す細胞の器官「ミトコンドリア」の構造が変化して機能が低下し、カロリーの消費も減ったということで「PGCー1α」にメス特有の働きがあることが分かりました。 また、通常のマウスの褐色脂肪に女性ホルモン「エストロゲン」を加えたところ、メスでだけミトコンドリアの機能を高める酵素が増えたということで、グループはメス特有の「PGCー1α」の働きと、エストロゲンの作用が組み合わさってオスよりもカロリーの消費量が多くなるとしています。 このたんぱく質はヒトでも同様に働いているとみられるということで、山田教授は「女性の肥満や代謝性疾患の改善につながるターゲットを見つけることができた。今後、男性にも応用できるよう研究を進めたい」と話しています。

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  • 「7/24」夏休みの海外旅行者 約20％増の見通し 大手旅行会社調べ
    この夏、海外旅行に行く人は、去年より20％ほど増えるという見通しがまとまりました。去年に比べて円安がいくぶん落ち着いていることや、ボーナスの増加傾向などを背景に、海外旅行の需要の回復が鮮明となっています。 大手旅行会社のJTBは、交通機関の予約状況などをもとに、7月15日から8月末までの夏休みシーズンに1泊以上の旅行に出かける人の動向を調べました。 それによりますと、この夏、海外旅行に行く人は、去年より20.8％増えて244万人になる見込みです。 去年に比べて、円安がいくぶん落ち着いていることや、夏のボーナスの増加傾向などが背景にあるということです。 行き先は、「韓国」と「ヨーロッパ」が最も多く、次いで、「台湾」と「東南アジア」が並んでいて、「アメリカ本土」も人気が高まっているということです。 海外旅行に行く人は、コロナ禍後、国内旅行と比べて回復が遅れていましたが、今回の見通しどおりになれば、コロナ禍前10年間の平均の9割ほどにまで戻るということです。 一方、国内旅行に出かける人は、去年より0.3％多い7220万人と推計されています。 JTBは「海外旅行の需要の回復が鮮明だ。金と時間をかけて遠くに行こうと、行き先もアジアだけでなくヨーロッパや米国へと広がっていて、旅行形態の多様化もうかがえる」と話しています。

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  • 「7/23」北海道 福島町 ヒグマか 再びゴミ置き場荒らされ警戒続く
    ヒグマに襲われた男性が死亡した北海道福島町で、14日夜遅く、店舗のゴミ置き場の扉が壊されているのが見つかりました。14日の朝にも生ゴミが散乱しているのが見つかったばかりで、警察はヒグマが荒らしたものとみて引き続き警戒しています。 警察によりますと、14日午後11時半ごろ、福島町三岳にあるスーパーとホームセンターのゴミ置き場の扉が壊されているのをパトロール中の警察官が見つけました。 1時間ほど前には異常はなく、中にあったペットフードなどがなくなっていたということで、警察はヒグマが荒らしたものとみて引き続き警戒しています。 このゴミ置き場は、ヒグマに襲われて死亡した男性が見つかった現場からおよそ400メートル北にあり、14日の朝も生ゴミが散乱しているのが見つかっていました。   スーパーの岩渕勇紀店長は「町唯一のスーパーなので、店を閉めるわけにはいかない。従業員の中には徒歩で通勤する人もいるので、車での送迎も視野に入れ、とにかく安全第一で営業していきたい」と話しています。     こうした中、福島町は住民に対し、ヒグマを引き寄せないため夜間にゴミを出さないよう求めるチラシを作るなど改めて注意を呼びかけています。   15日朝、町内でゴミ出しをしていた男性は「ゴミを出すときもクマがいないか周囲を気にしている」などと話していました。 福島町町民課の中塚雅史課長補佐は「生ゴミがヒグマを誘引している可能性があるので、回収日当日にゴミ出しを行うよう協力をお願いしたい」と話していました。 林官房長官「早い時期から出没相次ぐ 十分な警戒を」 林官房長官は、閣議のあとの記者会見で「クマの出没要因は地域により異なるが、人里にある果実や残飯、家畜飼料などの食物の存在や、耕作放棄地などクマの侵入経路となるやぶの増加などが考えられ、人里にある食物の管理や侵入経路の遮断などが重要だ」と述べました。 そのうえで「例年、クマの出没は秋口から増加する傾向があるが、ことしは早い時期から各地で出没が相次いでいる。国民には、自治体が発信する情報に注意するなど、引き続き、十分な警戒をお願いしたい」と呼びかけました。

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